The Amount of Hours Required to Pass the Bar Exam

The Amount of Hours Required to Pass the Bar Exam When you sit down to study for the bar exam, it is likely you will get a bunch of feedback from other law students and friends as to how much you are supposed to study for the exam.  I have heard it all! When I was studying for the bar exam, I remember people proudly claiming they were studying twelve hours a day, leaving the library only because it closed. I remember folks being shocked when I told them I was taking Sundays off. How was that possible? There was no way I was going to pass! Shocking news: I passed- only studying until about 6:30 p.m. in the evenings and taking Sundays off. How much you need to study for the bar exam is a critical question. I have seen people understudy and fail, for sure. But I have also seen people over-study for the exam. I know, hard to believe, right? Over-Studying and Burnout Can Cause You as Many Problems as Under-Studying When you over-study for the bar exam, you are likely going to burn out quickly. You need adequate time to rest and recover when you are studying for the bar. Studying every waking hour of every day is going to lead you down the road of not being able to focus, being overly exhausted, and just not being a productive studier. For most of us, we cannot productively study that many hours a day. We need breaks to rest and rejuvenate ourselves. We need to get away from the desk and the computer and move our bodies. We need to eat healthy food. These things all help us do better on the bar exam, but they can’t be done if you are studying twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week (okay, I know that is an exaggeration, but you get what I mean). So How Do You Know How Much to Study? Perhaps it is easy to tell if you might be over-studying, but how can you tell if you are studying enough? This is a very personal decision, one that takes a lot of reflection on the process. I think a good first parameter is that you need to study about 40 to 50 hours a week. Treat the bar exam like a full-time job. Now that means you need to actually study 40 to 50 hours a week. That doesn’t count hours that you are chatting with friends in the library or driving to and from campus. If you aren’t sure what 40 to 50 hours a week of work really feels like, try tracking your time (since you will have to do that at your future law job anyway!). What you may find when you do this exercise is that you aren’t actually studying as many hours as you thought you were. That doesn’t mean you add more study hours; that means that you need to be more efficient with your study time. How can you maximize the number of hours you are on campus working? And how can you maintain focus during those hours? These are all critical questions to get the most out of your days. What If I Can Only Study Part Time? How Many Hours Do I Need to Study Then? Studying part time is a challenge, but it can be done. I encourage anyone studying part time to study at least 20 hours a week and study for a longer preparation period than the typical bar prep cycle. If you are studying for the bar for the first time, you may need to think carefully about making enough time to review the substantive law and also to practice. You may find yourself eating up all of your limited study time by just listening to lectures. But unless you are an auditory learner, listening to lectures isn’t going to get you very far, unfortunately. So be smart about which lectures you listen to (just the ones you think will be most helpful). If you are a repeat taker, best to leave those video lectures alone when you have only limited time to study. Instead, focus on active learning of the law and practice. It is possible that not knowing enough law was the reason you failed, but it is also likely that you failed because you didn’t practice enough or didn’t know how to execute the bar questions in the best possible way. Figure out what went wrong and then develop a study plan that will allow you to get the most out of your study time. Remember that it isn’t really about how much you study, but the quality of the study time you put in.

Saving Chinese gaming addicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Saving Chinese gaming addicts - Essay Example The advancement in technology has led to the development of technological games that tend to be addictive just like drugs are. In the recent times, the trend has been that these games are not played manually at home. The internet, with its vast and ever increasing modifications has provided an online platform from where gamers can compete with other gamers globally. The result has been an increase in addiction in gaming. It is said that statistics do not lie. In this case, the news are filled with stories of gamers here and there who have become addicted to the games they play and have resulted to may be selling their children or have even died while playing these games for long hours. According to Liu, gaming addiction in China has been identified as a psychiactric condition. As a result, some measures have been effected to aid in curbing this disorder. Various measures and means are being utilised. What medium acan be used to save Chinese online gaming addicts? To complicate matters farther, research shows that games are important in improving certain skills such as making of decisions. Moreover, they are said to improve the health of an individual as they involve the usage of several motor skills. However, the sad thing about gaming is that the person becomes absorbed into the game gradually until he or she finds no meaning in other matters concerning life. It can be noted that apart from the rehabilitation centers set up by the Chinese government to curb online game addiction ad save addicts, magazines provide a meaningful means to save online game addicts. The advantages exceed the limitations by far. Furthermore, the target population, adolescents and teenagers is interested in reading magazines while there are several means to avail it to them.

Impact of internet on travel agencies in UK Essay

Impact of internet on travel agencies in UK - Essay Example This essay "Impact of internet on travel agencies in UK" outlines the whole changes that the Internet brought in the travel industry. The travel agencies have a very hectic service to provide to its customers. Traveling to a new location is a very hectic and risky enterprise. The tourists have to take into account very small details in traveling which they might not consider when at home. These include travel and mode of travel, the costs and expenditures, the number of days that the tourists plan to stay, locations where they want to travel and the times set for that, food and accommodation, good maintenance services for clothing, dining, eating etc., and recreational spots etc. A travel agent therefore, not only has to help the tourist decide where he or she should go for the vacation but also has to take care of these essential and miniscule details. The more thorough the travel agent is in planning the whole trip for the client, the better ranked the company is. But all these arr angements cannot take place without the essential ingredient of money. The client’s choice of tourism spot is largely dictated by the amount of money he or she can spend on the trip. Again it is the travel agent who should have the ingenuity of choosing travel spot that is right for the client, is able to provide the necessary services required and lets the customer think that he or she is getting a great deal. So where does the internet help in all this? The internet simply stating, has become the tool that organizes and categorizes this vast information. into a form that is both comprehendible to the client and that is able to provide the necessary information to the reader, without encroaching too much (Deimezi and Buhalis, 2003, np)

Compartive review of two books relevance to South Asian history Research Paper

Compartive review of two books relevance to South Asian history - Research Paper Example Attempting a comparative study of these two eminent personalities one should first of all focus on their background. The people of India keep everlasting memories about Subhas Chandra Bose even after fifty years of his death, but he is not much popular to many of the westerners. As the extremist leader of the Provisional Government of Free India after its establishment by the Axis powers during World War II, many regard him as the Asian Hitler or Quisling. But he was soon forgotten just after the Allies defeated his Indian National army. For the Indians, he is still â€Å"Netaji† or "revered leader." Mother Theresa, the Nun Mother was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia, on August 26, 1910. She was born to Albanian descent parents and it is said that she had the call of God at the age of twelve. This prompted her in joining the sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with missions in India (The Nobel Peace Prize 1979). When Mother was assigned to India after her initial vows as a nun, she happened to meet the pathetic state of the poor people outside the convent wall and decided to uplift their dismal state. Though she was devoid of any funds to support them, she herself felt that she had the Divine Providence which helped her all through her life. This selfless and endless sympathy along with kindness for the fellow beings, make her different and it is the same that earned her The Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. Therefore, analyzing the biography of Netaji and Mother, one can certainly identify certain similarities; both fought for the freedom of people, Netaji for physical freedom and Mother for spiritual freedom and the main contrasts are concerned with Netaji as an extremist leader and Mother as the one followed non-violence like Mahatma Gandhi to attain her goals. 1) What subject matter does each author cover? The texts selected here for comparing and contrasting the characters of Mother Theresa and Subhas Chandra Bose are; "Subhas Chan dra Bose: a biography" (2002) by Marshall J. Getz and, "Mother Teresa: helping the poor" (1998) by William Jay Jacobs. Both the texts attempt a down to earth study of the given personalities without avoiding even the minute details. This is quite identifiable when observing the way the authors arrange the texts. Marshall J. Getz has arranged his book, â€Å"Subhas Chandra Bose: a biography† very systematically, beginning with the childhood of Netaji. The text has a logical sequence of development in the arrangement of incidents occurred in his life. The minute observation of the author is quite visible when he narrates Netaji’s father, Janakinath, a lawyer. Here the author, Marshall J. Getz writes, â€Å"His father, Jnakinath Bose, enjoyed an outstanding reputation as a lawyer among the local population of 20,000† (7). The subject matter of this book is concerned with Subhas Chandra Bose, his childhood, towering as a great political leader, the factors helped fo r attaining this position, his path-by putting an end to education and beginning politics, visits to foreign countries intended to seek help and support for his Indian National Army, and so on. The author has colorfully portrayed his towering as ‘Netaji’ and as the darling of the Axis. The chapter entitled; ‘The falling Tiger’ describing his disappearance and death, which is still left as a mystery. William Jay Jacobs has

Case Study of Globalisation in Indonesia

Case Study of Globalisation in Indonesia Globalisation Globalisation encompasses increased international economic integration, evidenced by growing global markets, global resource flows, transnational corporations, global consumption patterns and intergovernmental agreements, resulting in economies becoming more interconnected through: Increased trade of GS globally Increased global flows of production factors or resources (foreign capital, labour, and technology) Increased foreign investments, resulting in technological transfers Increased private savings or finance globally Harmonisation of the business cycle for globalised economies Increased economic interdependencies Increased growth of size and quantity of TNCs with global operations Increased global consumer trends Increased inter-government consultations/agreements to manage economic contacts and disputes Globalisation has allowed the Indonesian economy to reform to be in accordance with competitive economic growth rates. Globalisation represented the catalyst for Indonesia’s sustained growth once the oil boom of the 1970s subsided, as it allowed international exporting of manufacturing goods, made possible by uniform technological advancement with strong economies, leading to a GDP drop of only 2.6%. Influence of Globalisation on the World Globalisation has had lasting impacts on the globally integrated economy regarding trade, global financial and investment flows, and transnational corporations. Global market growth is initially evident through growing trade links of GS between countries (incorporating consumer GS, capital goods and intermediate GS); as validated by increased global GDP from 12% in 1964 to 48% in 2010 for trading. Figure 1 – The Economy and Global Markets The table exposes globalisation through countries’ high trade dependencies (the importance of exports/imports compared to a nation’s GDP); with scattered countries withholding high trade dependencies, validating the presence of increasingly necessary global trade-flows (outliers affected by externalities including war/civil strife, increasing trade dependency). Globalisation is highlighted by the GFC affecting trade dependencies systematically, where all high dependency nations had lowered percentages, losing 20% a year following the GFC, but in 2011 all these nations’ trade dependencies began to harmonise again. Similarly, low trade dependency nations reduced in trade dependency in 2009, but re-harmonised in 2010. By the circular flow model, exports are injections into the flow, whilst imports are leakages. Thus, increased exports increases the total sales of firms, which motivates increased output and increased GDP. Increased GDP yields increased factors of production, which raises household income, further encouraging more consumption spending, and savings, with taxation revenue obtained by the government sector. Imports, contrastingly, increase access to more GS, and puts pressure on local firms to be more efficient as a means of competing with imports (a lack of competition will void efficiency and resources, leading to ceilings placed on the economy’s total supply). This is shown especially with technology, as a means to keep on par with high-income economies. Global financial flows undertook exponential increase from 1975 to the GFC due to globalisation, inducing: Expanding international trade equivalent twice real GDP growth Expanding international direct investments thrice real GDP growth (before 2001) Expanding international equity investment is ten times real GDP growth Increased global private capital-flows grew from 10% of GDP in 1990, to 32% of GDP in 2005 Figure 2  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Global Capital Inflows $US billion Furthermore, the growth of private savings flows inter-economically is emphasised by: Direct Investments: A purchase allowing foreign investors to exercise control of foreign assets for future decisions. Portfolio Investments: A purchase of equity of foreign assets, but unlike direct investments, there is little control, growing more than direct investments, seen in Figure By the circular flow model, the inflow of these foreign savings increases local savings for financing investment expenditures. FDI promotes technological imports, increasing productive efficiency Due to globalisation, TNCs are able to create subsidiaries internationally to expand global production facilities. Figure 3 – Geographic Distribution of Foreign Subsidiaries of US-based TNCs Figure 3 highlights that coherent national links allows scattering of foreign subsidiaries, increasing high-income nations, increasing confidence of cultural integration of foreign subsidiaries, resulting in increased amount of financial resources due to increase in world GDP. Anti-trust legislations provide lesser ability to expand domestically, but provide incentives to grow via international expansion. Finally, globalisation pressures transnational management to achieve growth due to vast amounts of competition, by entering new markets. Economic Strategies Being Utilised Indonesia’s emerging economy is subject to economic strategies used as part of the globalisation process to promote economic growth and development, including exploitation of oil prices, forced structural change, export-oriented development strategy for non-oil sectors and IMF appeals. Suharto’s government (1967-1998) yielded abrupt changes in Indonesian economic development strategies to surmount government indebtedness, in attempts to increase investment levels for public and private economic sectors to achieve economic growth and development by expansion of heavy industries. In the 1970s, FDIs and foreign loans provided savings, with 50% of funds used for investments in the Indonesian non-oil sector. Suharto’s strategy, centric on labour intensive consumer goods manufactures (including textiles and clothing) instead of heavy industry, had been an import-substitution behind a protective tariff. Indonesia’s prevalent state-owned oil company: ‘Pertamina’ provided ~70% of total exports, with government-independent strategies to spend on steel mills and increase its foreign loans. The 2000% rise in oil prices from 1973 to mid-1980s resulted in exponential increase of oil and LNG export earnings from US$641m to US$10,600m. With vast funds, the Indonesian government realised many domestic private firm conglomerates expanded exponentially (aided by military, contracts, credit and restrictions on competition), leading to structural change with greater investments in heavy industries such as steel, petrochemicals, oil-refining, and plywo od industries possible by export restrictions of logs (validated by a $3899m increase in plywood exports from 1981 to 1996). Due to a subsiding oil boom, the Indonesian government prioritised non-oil exports, so foreign exchange earnings increased to sustain payments and government-sector debt pressures. This shifted focus of manufacturing sectors from domestic markets to export markets to satisfy this instability, aiming to: Increased rupiah devaluation to increase international competitiveness, resulting in decreased wage costs compared to nations including Thailand and Malaysia. Although, the devaluated rupiah results in more expensive imports and cheaper exports, motivating greater export quantities in labour intensive industries, predominantly clothing and textiles. Improved foreign savings access, leading to individuals in the 1990s with foreign investments exceeding US$50m was permitted complete foreign-ownership. Despite this, many foreign-restrictions remained including compulsory local partners, and lowered ownership shares for foreign firms within the joint venture as time progresses. Similarly, the strategy aims to decrease regulatory controls within private firms, motivating greater foreign savings access without government-control (unaffordable governmental trade obligations). Increased tariff reduction on goods to motivate cheaper inputs, increasing economic-efficiency, and motivating international negotiations so export markets are more accessible internationally. Deregulated financial sector to increase competition between dominant state-owned banks and newer domestic/foreign banks, to create private sector independence, achieving greater private investment expenditure than investment spending in the public sector by the 1990s. Due to financial institution debt issues and collapsing property booms within Indonesia, there was capital flight (when assets, money or resources quickly flow out of a country) and collapsed exchange rates with 14000 rupiah to each US$, developing into lacking foreign reserves and desperate appeals to the IMF. These pleas led to an IMF rehabilitation program: Rising interest rates to support the rupiah and to remain stable in the vastly expanding inflation rates (58.5$ in1998) Financial reforms, with dominant banks closing, others nationalised so the government was able to support it, to avoid medium-term collapse in credit availability, but exponential debt issues made this is a difficult issue to mitigate in the short term Rising unemployment due to collapsing credit, with real GDP falling 13.2% from 1998-99 Lowered government spending to alleviate pressures to remain dominant in food subsidies The Impacts of Globalisation on Indonesia Globalisation has impacted Indonesia’s emerging economy in its placement in the globalisation process, primarily inadvertently led by proposed economic strategies relating to primary export sectors, structural economic change and IMF rehabilitation. Figure 4: PERCENTAGE INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTIONS TO GDP OF INDONESIA Figure 4 highlights globalisation triggering increased oil prices and motivating a structural change, emphasised by a predominant mining sector growing until the early 1980s, with successful oil exporters hindered when world recession and inflation in stronger high income economies reduced oil demands during low 1980s. Lowered demand motivated replacements to oil and developing oil-saving technologies, shifting world-energy usages for the following two decades: increasing exports for alternative energy including coal for electricity and heating. Integrated global markets, for primarily fuels, yielded: Lowered export earnings due to lowering oil prices, which decreased by half in the low 1980s to 1986 (dropping to US$12/barrel) Lowered account balance from US$2.2b surplus to US$7.0b deficit from 1980 to 1983, increasing pressure on Indonesian currency (rupiah) and stability of foreign reserves, further disadvantaged by economic nationalism movements deterring FDIs. Government debt repayments grew US$933m from 1975 to 1985, increasing dependence on foreign aid and loans, diminishing effects of their financial export predicament. The predicament shone imperfections to Indonesia’s economic development strategies – unable to produce positive outcomes elsewhere within Eastern Asia, demonstrating that oil exports were unreliable for economic development and nationalism in being globally integrated. These unreliable economic-development-strategies were: Import-substitution strategy allowing public and private firms to develop coherent links with law-makers in low competition and high-protection business environments Military involvement within Parliament, granting specific business operations Attempted sustained economic growth up to the late 1990s and early 2000s from oil lacked cash inflow, leading to increased bureaucrats supporting economic reform, coming with greater influence as the Indonesian government pursued reliable economic strategies focusing on non-oil exports Figure 5: ECONOMIC GROWTH: ANNUAL CHANGE IN REAL GDP Indonesian growth 1991 onwards validates a link between oil’s global demand, and sustained economic growth correlating closely to Malaysia and Thailand, despite weak oil prices. Figure 6: GROWTH IN PRODUCTION, BY SECTOR, IN INDONESIA Figure 6 correlates to slower growth rates with the uprising mining sector from 1980 until early 2000s, accommodated by the AFC in 1997-1999 resulting in lowered GDP, but nonetheless, manufacturing reigned as the leading emerging economic sector from 1990-2002. This Indonesian financial crisis was motivated by centralisation of power within the Suharto government, leading to an undesirable focus of power on those within personal favour of his regime including the president and close family, leading to increased consumption of wasted funds and greater earnings from external, mostly illegal sources of activity. However, reforms in the financial sector during the mid-late 1990s (highly demanded by foreign aid donors), lead to unsustainable increases in deregulation, and increased avoidance to prudential regulation and build-up of private foreign sector debt, correlating to ‘boom-like property developments’, and hence a worsened financial problem for Indonesia on the basis of its coherence within the global market and its highly demanded exports. Due to globalisation, and other nations building upon Indonesia’s oil/non-oil exports, the outcomes of reforms were that private banks and governments responded more to induced pressure from lending negotiations, with the Central Bank/Bank of Indonesia supporting these lending banks through liquidity, with 60-70% liquidity credit siphoned off upon reaching these banks. Resultant of Thailand’s financial institution failure (sporadic lending on property development), and Indonesia’s cash demand, an increased flow of money from Thailand into Indonesia (due to close economic exporting ties), resulted in bank collapse and lowered exchange-rates, developing into business closures and lowered credit availability, meaning extreme unemployment within Indonesia, to which the IMF provided rehabilitation. The influx and dependence of currency from Thailand forced an increase in closure of small banks in early 1998, resultant from lending to their respective shareholders at unsustainable rates, forming non-performing loans unable to be repaid. Alongside foreign aid and loans, recapitalisation of banks costed 50% of Indonesia’s GDP in early 2000s. AVOIDING THE GFC – ECONOMIC STRATEGIES AND RESULTANT IMPACTS Increased resource demand from Indonesia to China, lead to an influx of funds promoting Indonesia’s economic growth, producing greater diversification of oil/gas exports, with 2008 bringing exports of 190m tonnes of coal, rivalled by Australia’s 126m tonnes. One of the leading environmental controversies arisen through Indonesian exports is palm oil (alongside China makes up a third of global imports), involving deforestation and peat burning, which forms greenhouse gases and has become Indonesia’s leading source of air pollution. With forest-derived products being a competitive industry due to its significance on Indonesia’s cash influx, illegal logging provided an unexpected ‘edge’ within competing businesses – with up to 73% of forestry products being manufactured from illegal manufacturing methods. Following economic recession of the AFC, Indonesia’s success during the GFC (shown in Figure 5) was due to: Less reliance on trade (exports pertaining to 30% of nominal GDP) especially between high income markets such as Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand Declining inflation motivated private consumption, accounting for ~60% of GDP Healthy harvests maintained higher income for farming jobs, increasing consumption Increased provision of economic stimuli motivated by political favour of the Democratic Party during 2009 elections, providing grants to 18.5m poor households with tax-cuts part of the fiscal stimulus package with lowered exports during the GFC. Since imports declined more than exports, net exports are the contributors to GDP growth. The government introduced pay-rises for civil servants to quicken budget expenditure to reduce risk in sudden investment declines in manufacturing industries. The resultant budget deficit in 2009 was ~2.6% of GDP Emphasis on exports in Indonesia meant that stimulus distributed within China temporarily recovered the flow of resource income as prices and quantity of exports recovered Indonesian banks were motivated by the 3.0% lowered interest rates, meaning increased repaid loans, reduced lending availability and decreased credit demand. Negotiating with China, loan/swaps were achieved (exchanging cash flows) such that Indonesia was protected from sudden outflows of savings or lacking borrowing ability of banks

The OSI Model and The Pony Express Essay -- Essays Papers

The OSI Model and The Pony Express The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model is essential to the world of computer networking. The model was created in 1977 by the International Standards Committee, in response to a difficulty that was facing computer networkers at the time (Shelly, Cashman, and Serwatka 142). In order to understand the difficulty, one must first realize that computer networks consist of computer hardware, the software that is to be used in conjunction with this hardware, and the medium (such as wiring or cabling) that will interconnect the computing devices that are in the network. The computer networker’s job is to determine which hardware, software, and medium types will create the network that will best suit his client’s needs. Then, the networker must combine these elements into a functional system of interconnected computers (Fortino and Villeneuve 112). It was in attempting this latter task that the computer networker of the late 1970s often found himself in a pickle. The problem was that each vendor of computing equipment had developed his own unique set of products; products that were incompatible with the products of other vendors. This incompatibility made it very difficult for a computer networker to combine the various network components into an operational computer network (Stamper 27). The OSI model provided for a solution to this problem. The model organized those tasks that are essential for computer network operation, into seven groups. These groups were called layers. All manufacturers of computing equipment were recommended to make their products compliant with the OSI model. This meant that each computing product was to perform the functions associated with a specific layer within the model; any method of accomplishing these functions was acceptable. In a network composed of equipment that operated according to OSI guidelines, a separate product would be used to perform each layer of OSI functionality. Thus, all elements of the network would be aware of the specific jobs performed by every other network element; this would allow for compatibility between networking products that were created by different vendors. By designing networks according to OSI guidelines, the networker was able to combine any group of products, made by any number of vendors, into a fu nctioning computer network (Stamper 28). .. ...he secret of its success in the field of computer networking, and this is also the key to its use in other areas of communication as well. Works Cited Derfler, Frank J., Jr., and Les Freed. How Networks Work. California: Macmillian Computer Publishing, 1996. Dicerto, Joseph J. The Pony Express: Hoofbeats In The Wilderness. New York: Franklin Watts, 1989. Fortino, Andres, and Arnold Villeneuve. Networking Technologies: A Complete Guide To Passing The Novell CNE Exam. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1996. Introduction To Networking. Diskette. 1992. Networking Technologies. Diskette. 1992. Oslin, George P. â€Å"Pony Express.† Encyclopedia Americana. 1999 ed. â€Å"Pony Express.† Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Microsoft, 1997. Settle, Raymond W., and Mary Lund Settle. Saddles and Spurs: The Pony Express Saga. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1955. Stamper, David A. Business Data Communications. 5th ed. Massachusetts: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999. Shelly, Gary B., Cashman, Thomas J., and Judy A. Serwatka. Business Data Communications: Introductory Concepts and Techniques. 2nd ed. Massachusetts: Course Technology, 1998.

Three Types of African Marriages (Informative Speech Plan)

Informative Speech Plan: Speech Topic: Three types of African marriages General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the advantages and disadvantages of three different types of marriages. Thesis Statement/Central Idea: Marriage is a social union or legal contract between two different people that exchange vows but in some countries, such as Africa they have different types of marriages. Organizational Strategy: Topical Main Points: African marriage types go back for centuries and are carried out even today because it is a very important part of their society.Some marriages are a result of two parties while the others are forced upon whether it is a family obligation or life circumstances. Three types of traditional African are arranged marriages, polyandrous marriages, and polygamous. All three may have some advantages in disadvantages in the African society. I. Some parts of Africa have arranged marriage. A) An arranged marriage is one that parents play an important role in match-making by finding, evaluating, and approving the right type of spouse for their children, who maybe young as 13 years of age, which will allow them to have long-term happiness. Similar essay: Informative Speech Topics About AfricaSometimes the girls’ hand in marriage are exchanged for a dowry, such as money or farm animals, between the new husband and family. B) There are many reasons why arranged marriages play an important role in Africa. These are few common reasons for arranged marriages: mutual compatibility, religious and culture, financial needs, and the political alliances. C) There are a few advantages that arranged marriages have. The biggest advantage is that Africans who have arranged marriages have lower divorce rates.Another advantage is that African fathers gain sons from their daughters which may increase the families’ wealth. D) The part of Africa that carries out arranged marriages are North Africa II. In some parts of Africa they have polyandrous and polygamy marriages. A) Polyandrous marriages, also known as plural marriages, are women having many husbands all at the same time in which they perform all the duties in the vil lage, such as farming, shepherding, and other chores. A typical polyandrous marriage has less to do with â€Å"female power† and is practiced more in African societies.Polygamy marriages are men having many wives at all the same time with no marriage bonds between the wives. It is still common today. B) There are a few good reasons for polyandrous. The main reason is to not split the brothers up. The brothers also help each other to raise their children which mark a socio-biological justification while the women who live in polygamy marriages produces the males many children. Another reason is that tending to the work on the farm requires a lot of physical strengths.African women take on many husbands in order to help tend to the lands. C) Polyandrous and polygamy don’t really have any types of advantages. One disadvantage of both is it causes population problems while increasing the divorce rates. Another reason is that if both of these types of marriages were allowed at the same time then there would be a big confusion in many different social cultures. D) Polyandrous and polygamous are popular in regions of Central Africa, West Africa, East Africa, and South Africa.